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JEFFERSON AIRPLANE

Important work highlighted in color.

1966: Jefferson Airplane Takes Off. 1967: Surrealistic Pillow * After Bathing At Baxter's. 1968: Crown of Creation. 1969: Bless Its Pointed Little Head * Volunteers. 1970: The Worst of the Jefferson Airplane (Collection). 1971: Bark. 1972: Long John Silver. 1973: Thirty Seconds Over Winterland. 1974: Early Flight. 1976: Flight Log (Collection). 1987: 2400 Fulton St. (Collection). 1989: Jefferson Airplane (reunion album). 1992: Jefferson Airplane Loves You (Box Set). 1999: Jefferson Airplane Live at the Fillmore East.

PAUL KANTNER

1970: A Fresh Wind Blows Against the Empire. 1983: Planet Earth Rock and Roll Orchestra.

PAUL KANTNER/GRACE SLICK

1971: Sunfighter. 1973: Baron Von Tollbooth and the Chrome Nun.

GRACE SLICK

1973: Manhole. 1980: Dreams. 1981: Welcome to the Wrecking Ball. 1983: Software. 1999: The Best of Grace Slick.

JEFFERSON STARSHIP

1974: Dragonfly. 1975: Red Octopus. 1976: Spitfire. 1978: Earth. 1979: Gold (Collection) * Freedom at Point Zero. 1981: Modern Times. 1982: Winds of Change. 1984: Nuclear Furniture. 1985: Knee Deep in the Hoopla. 1987: No Protection. 1989: Love Among the Cannibals. 1991: Greatest Hits (Ten Years and Change, 1979-1991). 1995: Deep Space-Virgin Sky (new band featuring Kantner, Balin and Casady). 1999: Windows of Heaven.

THE GREAT SOCIETY (featuring Grace Slick):
1968: Conspicuous Only In Its Absence (live album from a 1966 performance).

MARTY BALIN
1981: Balin. 1990: Balince: A Collection.

KBC (Kantner, Balin, Casady):
1986: KBC


The San Francisco sound wasn't so much a sound as it was an approach - an approach quite different from the song-oriented tunefulness of L.A. (the Byrds, Buffalo Springfield, Turtles, Randy Newman, Harry Nilsson, the Mamas and the Papas, the Beach Boys) and the tuneful studio trickery of many English bands (the Beatles, early Pink Floyd, the Moody Blues, the Move). Although some of the San Francisco bands would eventually be influenced by Cream and the Jimi Hendrix Experience, it was in 1966, before the release of Hendrix's debut Are You Experienced, that the stirring of a community-wide improvisational base was beginning to out-distance the tentative experiments of other quasi-improvisational rock/blues bands (i.e. The Blues Project and The Paul Butterfield Blues Band were early influences in the U.S.A.). A certain amount of blues purism shaped and narrowly focused the work of some of these influential bands, but the San Francisco musical environment encouraged adding just about everything to the mix. This partially explains why San Francisco's major contribution to rock and roll isn't easily defined as a regional style. What resulted was expansive and hard to categorize. The sounds of San Francisco weren't easily emulated because improvisation takes musicians to places which are unreplicable except in a self-conscious, obviously imitative, manner. The amazing Grateful Dead phenomenon, the equally amazing Santana, Quicksilver Messenger Service with their pre-Allman Brother harmony guitar playing and big rock and roll sound, Big Brother and the Holding Company's buzzy, electric, psychedelic hugeness, Dan Hicks and His Hot Licks' lite-jazz inflections, Moby Grape's crack professionalism and lean-to-the-bone attack, even bands as diverse as the New Riders of the Purple Sage, Mother Earth, Tower of Power, Sons of Chaplin, the Steve MillerBand, Boz Scaggs and the Beau Brummels sounded like real musical combos, living and playing together, rather than pop confections based around putting little tunes out and touring to sell records. The Jefferson Airplane joined this club when they took aboard Jack Casady and Jorma Kaukonen which added a roaring rhythm momentum to a powerful, high-flying, vocal-based folk style. If the San Francisco "sound" is ultimately a bit vague (the bands didn't have their sound grafted like other bands grafted the Beatles/Stones sound, for example), the San Francisco "approach," with its attractive sense of communal sharing and its support of boundless musical exploration was almost unanimously latched onto and legitimized as a style that was blowing in the wind, perhaps, but pretty much eluding bands far and wide. (Contrary to Dave Marsh's unfathomable suggestion that Creedence Clearwater Revival were the only good Bay Area improvisors, all of the San Francisco bands reached improvisatory highs that remain interesting today).

Regarding the Jefferson Airplane, it's important to remember the atmosphere of the times. It's important to remember 1968. In 1968, highway patrolmen opened fire on black students from South Carolina State University who were marching to protest segregation at a bowling alley. They killed 3, wounded 37. Riots began in Detroit and Newark. Robert Kennedy was assassinated. An increasingly unpopular war was raging which would eventually leave 54,000 American soldiers dead. Big Brother (the government's version) was looking over people's shoulders: a staffer on the National Security Council was responsible for monitoring every anti-Vietnam war speech in the Congressional Record. American officials were trying to put narcotic agents in the Army, even though amphetamines were widely distributed as stimulants to G.I.s. Martin Luther King, Jr. was not only wire-tapped, but harassed by the FBI with cryptic warnings and unveiled threats. When King was murdered, fires spread to within two blocks of the White House. 65,000 troops saw riot duty across the United States. Columbia University was taken over by students for six days - an action repeated across the nation during the next year. In Chicago, the 1968 Democratic presidential convention was on its way to town, but everyone was on strike - electrical workers, telephone installers, bus and taxi drivers. The convention itself would be ringed with electrified barbed wire; the security force had at its disposal flame-throwers and bazookas. Even though (because?) one in six demonstrators in Chicago may have been undercover cops, the police brutality that resulted was so extreme it changed people's political emphasis overnight. In California, Ronald Reagan would soon be warning of bloodbaths. More riots, the Weathermen bombings, the murder of students at Jackson State, the Chicago Seven conspiracy trial and much more were still to come. There was momentousness, paranoia, and danger on the national scene. Across America rednecks and warmongers were punching out people who grew their hair long. A feeling of shared oppression was widespread. The Airplane/Starship songs and albums that reflect this time, like Woody Guthrie's songs of strife and turbulence before them, are classics of historicity. These would include "Plastic Fantastic Lover," "The Last Wall of the Castle," "Wild Tyme" (with its summation "we're doing things that don't even have a name yet"), "Won't You Try/Saturday Afternoon," "If You Feel," "Crown of Creation," "Greasy Heart," "The House at Pooneil Corner," Bless Its Pointed Little Head, Volunteers, Blows Against the Empire, "Lawman," "Rock and Roll Island," "War Movie," "Diana," "Have You Seen the Saucers," "Mexico," "Long John Silver," "Flowers of the Night," "White Boy," "Ride the Tiger," Devil's Den," "Come to Life," "Dance With the Dragon," "Song to the Sun," "Show Yourself to Me" and "Twilight Double Leader." The ultimate importance of the Jefferson Airplane has very little to do with the twin hits "White Rabbit" and "Somebody to Love".

Paul Kantner and Grace Slick were witnesses to a generation's coming of age and its aftermath. They were compelled to write about it much like Fitzgerald and Hemingway wrote about their particular time, place and circumstances. Kantner's focused, all-encompassing, metaphorical story telling is generational writing at its best. What's refreshing is how steadfastly both Slick and Kantner have managed to keep the substance of the dream alive while depicting the horror glimpsed, in their decades-long musing on the yawning abyss of social tragedy that took place in the 60's. Only the Grateful Dead were as committed to staying true to one generation's experience while fashioning the music into universal truths. For both bands this has resulted in grand and rapturous high pop art.

The Sex Pistols well-regarded and well-known 1977 rock classic Never Mind the Bollocks, offers a comfortable starting place for assessing the Airplane's politics and style. Long John Silver, released in 1972, is a Jefferson Airplane classic played loosely, the band seemingly setting up microphones in the studio and going for it, the result being a little unfocused, the vocals a bit dry and a couple of the songs - "Easter?" and "The Son of Jesus" - badly crafted. But Long John Silver is fused by an original style of playing and thinking that is deeper and more earned than the simpler rock and roll retroisms of the Sex Pistols' music and that band's snide and witty lambasting of late seventies' England. Musically and thematically the Airplane wasn't blatantly retreading anything: even the ever-present, quasi-blues contributions of Jack Casady, Jorma Kaukonen and Papa John Creach ("Milk Train" and "Eat Starch, Ma,") rise well above convention given their thick, molten-lava rhythmic flow and Grace Slick's pull-out-the-stops vitriolic fervor.

Long John Silver, ring in his ear;

He's the hero, make that clear."



The two lines that irreverently kick off Long John Silver recall the irreverence of Never Mind the Bollocks: while the sacrilegious overtones on the Pistols' "God Save the Queen" and "Anarchy in the UK" are present on the Airplane's "Easter?" ("Golden velvet robes on Pope Paul; he's walking/He's stalking devils of flesh/Rides chauffeured through the streets instead of walking/I think his holy story is a mess"), and "The Son of Jesus" ("Jesus had a son by Mary Magdalene/Young Jesus raised him loud/Mother Mary raised him proud/And he tracked the men who laid his father down/God loved the Son of Jesus/God got off on the sparklin' daughter too"). But the sprawling musicianship and the epical, multi-faceted, poetic concerns of the Airplane ultimately, I think, surpass the loud, ear-tiring approach and the State of the Union message of the Pistols' Never Mind the Bollocks. "Twilight Double Leader" and "Alexander the Medium," written by Paul Kantner, have an uninhibited musicality - the former in its sense of movement, its sense of unclear events happening and having just happened, its atmosphere of pagan celebration, of momentous occasionality. It's an eventful song even though it's a mysterious event - a war, a battle, a victory? What "Twilight Double Leader" conveyed was the turbulence of the Watergate era. In lines like "And if you're lost midway, third of the week; she'll find a way to get to you" or "have you heard about your brothers and your sisters living in the mountains, free of the city life?" the song moves from everyday cheer-you-up enthusiasm to that poetic hint of a secret, shared community that Kantner is so good depicting and extending.

"Alexander the Medium" has the same quality of time being displaced: it connects us to the past in an impressionistic way and the forlorn, celebratory pacing of the song gives it a weary, majestic sweep. There's ancient ladies and maritime splendor, priests and pyramids, a theme of resurrection and death, and the suggestion "if you laugh real hard, you win the game hands down: before old Alexander was just the same as now; can you smell the blood of fame, lightness and liberty?" It's a song that deflates a certain kind of post-war grandeur while embracing another.

The tunes Grace Slick co-wrote for the album with various members of the band were more extemporaneous. There's the previously mentioned ode to a pirate, "Long John Silver;" "Milk Train" is a weird tune that's pro-feminist and anti-capitalist with its assessment of males and its strange comparison of females, cows and corporations as milk producers ("have a little taste of mine: it'll cost you nothing" - Slick's way with a lyric is always exemplary, though sometimes surrealistic). "Eat Starch, Mom," involves machines and vegetarianism; there's a more focused metaphor in "Aerie (Gang of Eagles)" about democracy and freedom; and an anti-Vatican tirade on "Easter?." What was so great about the Jefferson Airplane (and the early Jefferson Starship) was that the band was so damn smart. I don't know why it isn't generally recognized that the Sex Pistols' anti-hippie, anti-people, anti-state rhetoric couldn't have been possible without the groundbreaking work of sixties' songwriters like Slick and Kantner. What Never Mind the Bollocks gleans is simply a reflection of sixties' rhetoric updated marginally with its neo-fresh, retro-sonic assault and its neo-audacious way of speaking.
Never Mind the Bollocks, in 1977, wasn't such a long way away from 1972's Long John Silver, but by 1977 Kantner and the Starship were speaking to a generation no longer much interested in art or politics (they were raising children), while the Pistols were able to light a younger generation on fire (a generation since replaced by a few more generation's burning and fading). But Kantner and Slick never disengaged, never abdicated,. Many of the tunes from 1975 through 1978 - "Ride the Tiger," "Be Young You," "Devil's Den," "Hyperdrive," "Come to Life," "Fastbuck Freddy," "Dance With the Dragon," "Song to the Sun," "Skateboard," "Show Yourself," "All Nite Long" - are not complacent. Kantner's and Slick's music was still strong even during the long, devastating, decline of the Starship. Dreams, Wrecking Ball, "Lightning Rose," "Things to Come," "Girl With the Hungry Eyes," "Freedom at Point Zero," "Stairway to Cleveland" (a great song that critics hated because it was about them), "Fox Face," "Bikini Atol," "The Mountain Song," "Showdown," "Muriel," "America," and the 1989 Jefferson Airplane reunion album all show a persevering commitment and a high level of achievement.




The body of work of these artists is extraordinarily impressive and horribly overlooked. Some wrongly blame the problem of polemic as music though it's actually just the age old problem of artists with too much singularity to consistently please the market - and as goes the public, so goes the media-corporations and the critics they hire to sell products. The question of polemics becomes a rhetorical one - i.e. whether or not one can like Mahalia Jackson or gospel music if one isn't a Christian; or love songs if one is a confirmed bachelor; or MerleHaggard songs if one isn't an Okie from Muskogee - and certainly Haggard's pseudo-patriotic jingoism and old-fashioned values have fatally devalued a huge number of his songs. But the universal in gospel music and Mahalia Jackson's voice is the sound of human need that soars beyond the realms of fundamentalist religion. And Haggard isn't merely a jug-headed reactionary; though inconsistent, he's often able to break through with a down-home humanism that transcends his weaknesses in other areas. Likewise, to consider the Airplane/early Starship as simply a polemical, political band misses the hugeness of their palette.

Mostly what is overlooked is the resonance and scope of Slick's and Kantner's writing. It's somewhat forgotten that no less a critic than Lester Bangs was a defender of the band ("one of my very favorite") and its various offshoots during their transitional period (1970-1974) noting "there has always been an element of sheer juggernaut rock & roll thunder in the Airplane's music." Bangs, on the strength of his interest in later day Airplane projects (Bark and Long John Silver) and the solo projects (Sunfighter, Blows Against the Empire) was questioning the presumption that Jorma and Jack were the synergy in the band. He wrote, "I'm beginning to wonder if the balance of energy in the band hasn't shifted, [towards Slick and Kantner]." Maybe it was never there to begin with. Lester Bang's interest to punk and post-punk sensibilities because of his writing on garage bands like the Seeds and the Troggs; and his early defense of the raw power of Iggy and the Stooges and the Velvet Underground, may have actually marginalized perceptions of his taste.

Looking back at early criticism, it's obvious that the Jefferson Airplane's career and the projects that followed were controversial, and controversy was not a level plain from which a definitive, long-lasting assessment could be made. For instance, Ed Ward in his glowing review of Volunteers mentioned (supposedly apolitical) friends complaining about the band's politics. Ward worried that the Airplane were "turning off ... those who might be called successors to the it's-got-a-nice-beat-and-you-can-dance-to-it people." Lester Bangs, on the other hand, mentioned that "a lot of people across a wide range of political persuasions" are irritated because "you don't see them in any active side of the Movement much." (Lester didn't actually care himself.) Anybody thinking that youthful rebellion was one big happy family should think again. Too political or not political enough? Critics had to decide and they ran the gamut from neo-Marxist effete aesthetes (Greil Marcus), to ultra-conservative reactionaries (Dave Marsh), to confused, politically correct, liberal-populists (Robert Christgau). Considered by some to be overly political and by others, not political enough and, later, to be indulging in simple science-fiction meandering, Kantner's music actually did communicate in a major way (and this may have been what Bangs meant when writing about them, he said, "music should be considered as pure music first and the morality or cogency of its message second"). The word "vision," when applied to Kantner's work, usually suggests a sci-fi writer's futurist, pulpy imagination. But Kantner's imagination sets off sparks of all sorts: his work touches on everything from sixties existentialist freedom ("The Ballad of You & Me & Pooneil," "Martha," "White Boy"), to apolitical songs of romance and possibility that stand on their own ("Have You Seen the Stars Tonight?," "Lightning Rose," "Girl With the Hungry Eyes," "St. Charles," "Lillith' "All Nite Long," "Caroline"), to carefully delineated slices of historical/social events ("Mariel", "America," "Have You Seen the Saucers?," "Diana," "We Can Be Together," "Volunteers," "Wild Tyme," "Won't You Try/Saturday Afternoon," "Dance With the Dragon,"), to poetically resonant pastiches of more fanciful historical landscapes ("Epic #38," "Sketches of China," "Walkin'", "When the Earth Moves Again," "Twilight Double Leader," "Alexander the Medium"), to wild escapism heightened in import by its reaction to national tragedy, betrayal and murder (Blows Against the Empire, "Wooden Ships," "War Movie," "Rock and Roll Island," "I Want to See Another World," "Saint Charles," "All Night Long," "Things to Come," "DCBA," "In Time," Planet Earth Rock and Roll Orchestra).

Grace Slick was more sarcastic and hard-edged than Kantner. Robert Christgau, referring to the Jefferson Starship's Dragonfly, made the perplexing remark (perhaps attributable to the brief amount of time he spends with each record), "it proves that you can't get along forever on generalized imprecations against the powerful." But I don't know how much less generalized and more detailed Slick songs can get: "Devil's Den" (is that grey man sane/no color no name), "Mexico" ("how long will the Panthers' race/wait for the iron bars to bend"), "Panda" ("he was born on the mountain's western side"). "Fast Buck Freddie," (it's hard to get serious when a rich man's reflection, looks like a gun that's gonna smile"), "Lawman" ("Lawman, I'm afraid you just walked in here at the wrong fucking time/my old man's gun has never been fired but there's a first fucking time"). To say that "Lawman" is generalized, considering it's practically a philosophical dissertation, suggests that Christgay has somehow misread this music and much of Slick's and Kantner's work. Also misguided on Christgau's part was an attempt to hold Kantner to journalistic, documentarian, rhetorical standards, since Kantner's artistic proclivities have always been sensuous, imaginative and poetic rather than analytical, mundane and literal.

In Kantner's most heated rallying cries there is always a narrative dimension. Questions are being asked. Preaching to the converted has always been a sham problem in art - who knows who's going to pick up the book, record, movie, magazine article? Who knows how they will respond? At his most ostensibly political - on Volunteers - Kantner's range is evident. We find him poking fun at back-to-the-earth communality ("The Farm"); Lester Bangs noticed, on "We Can be Together," the sarcastic delivery of the line "And we are very proud of ourselves." It is on this song that Slick sings a "motherfucker" counterpoint to the band's "up against the wall," and there's a suggestion of violence implied, but the resolution, "Tear down the walls; tear down the walls," is a plea for communication - not destruction; the tune is open-ended like John Lennon's "don't you know that you can count me out - and in" on the Beatles' "Revolution." Both songs are mature statements, which is why they embrace a bit of contradiction. Ambivalence as a political decision gives you room to move, which makes it necessary for the artist, as well as the politician; political dogma is an artistic straight-jacket that John Lennon fell into on Sometime in New York, though he obviously knew better. The same kind of mistake was never present in the Airplane's songs. "We Can Be Together" is an update of the hippie anthem "Get Together,' but with all the angry reaction that then-current affairs had necessitated. "Volunteers" depicts events in such a state of flux, that considering the song a simple partisan rallying cry is missing the message:

"One generation had soul; one generation got old;

This generation's got no destination to hold."


Lester Bang's considered "When I was a Boy I Watched the Wolves" from Sunfighter an overlooked classic. Musically it rolls and rises in a wolfpack-like manner; it evokes animalistic freedom, but also captures an adolescent sense of friendship and adventure - "when I was young and low out here in San Francisco, I could rely on the fire of my friends/now I can carry a few and I do when I can." Reading him as a poet of hope and social responsibility pulls more out of Kantner's songs than simply cruising along on the sci-fi/fantasy surface. Likewise "Your Mind Has Left Your Body" (Baron Von TollBooth) is more than just a trippy drug odyssey: its depiction of the shamanistic ability to transcend the here and now in order to find wisdom to sustain the tribe gets added weight from Kantner's tribal/generational strength as a witchdoctor (the kind of metaphorical role model Patti Smith would ascribe to Jim Morrison). "Song For the Sun/Don't Let It Rain" (Spitfire) has a sci-fi conceit, but its "Moon, I'll take it" refrain is as high on the splendor of nature and life's possibilities as it is on space travel; and playing against it are the beautiful lines, "There are children being born, who will amaze you with their minds: we are not alone" which subvert the sci-fi theme, transcend it, bring it to earth with a sweet epiphany. "The Mountain Song" which is an inspired updating of Woody Guthrie's "This Land is Your Land" is Kantner's main theme elucidated. The song starts from nature's "intimations" of freedom, gathers aspects of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I have a dream" speech, combines them with imagery from Woody Guthrie's classic fifties' songs, thus invoking the timelessness and the gravity of a struggle that has been, and must be, maintained. On "Wooden Ships" and the classic Blows Against the Empire, escapist enterprises are given moral weight by the hurt and antagonism that propelled the songs in the first place. Kantner always knew that the escape was in the music and in the mind; the care the Airplane/Starship generally gave his songs give them a voluptuous conceptual splendor; the band's musical deftness makes it easy to "Come ride the music."

The solo work of Kantner and Slick is also effective. Slick's Software, a new-waveish solo album released in 1983, is only intermittently interesting but it is much better than the popular Eurythmics' debut album from the same year, which shares Software's ultra-keyboard approach. The Eurythmics' soul-less enterprise is marred by chic sexuality hung on sketchy/trendy lyrics and techno-keyboard coldness, while Software's realism pulls much out of melody and lyric. Even better is Slick's straight rock and roll album, Welcome to the Wrecking Ball, which tackles Bad Company territory and makes Paul Rodgers seem like an amateur singer (Slick remains one of rock's best, most dramatic, phrase-milking vocalists).

A partial list of the band's miscellaneous accomplishments can be drawn up that are impressive in themselves. Slick's odes to Lenny Bruce, pandas and the Common Market, and her eerie raga singing with The Great Society, as well as her distinction as a back-up vocalist. Marty Balin's pop ballads, which kept the band commercially airborne, were no more personal than Al Green's perhaps, but as an interpreter and occasional writer Balin was a believable, good-natured romantic, eschewing "you're-gonna-miss-me-when-I'm-gone" and "why-are-you-cheating-on-me" platitudes in favor of sensuous, opulent serenades. (Balin was a hero of sorts during the violence at Altamont Speedway, which suggests that his passion was more than merely rhetorical.) Also worth detailing were Jorma's and Jack's blues-based excursions, Slick's stream-of-consciousness vocal improvisations and lyrics, the band's rip-roaring, rocking tunes that run from "Tobacco Road," and "Go To Her," on their 1966 debut, through the Starship's "St. Charles" (a baroque and brilliant piece of rock architecture), all the way up to "The Wheel" on the 1989 reunion album.

Much of the importance of the band's career is a result of stunning musicianship. Jack Casady remains one of rocks' greatest bass players and remains great today (he's brilliant on the new Starship album Windows of Heaven). He has a heavy, thundering thickness that has no match and a large quantity of his bass-lines are memorably idiosyncratic. Jorma Kaukonen's finger-picking solo style was in some ways unmatched to the early Airplane sound, and a few of his early solos sound truncated and uneven as he tries to find a place within the bands' huge cavern of sound. He grew into the role quickly:. On Bless Its Pointed Little Head, Kaukonen was finding his space and playing more passionately. He reached heights of pathos on "Wooden Ships," and "Alexander the Medium." Spencer Dryden was a good, functional drummer for a band with aspirations towards improvisation. Dryden could hang back and let the groove solidify until it was time to move. (Johnny Barbata, the Jefferson Starship's first official drummer after the break-up of the Airplane, pursued the opposite of Dryden's tom-based approach - he possessed an ahead-of-the-beat intensity so insistent it seemed to push the band along on an air escalator. The Starship's bass players - David Frieberg and Pete Sears - weren't frequency hogs like Casady, so the band was much more lithe in movement than the Airplanee. Crag Chaquico had a beautiful guitar tonality and was one of the seventies' most melodic guitar players: his work with the Starship, especially on Kantner's anthems and some of Balin's ballads, showcase enduring examples of 70's style fretwork. Extra texture came from Papa John Creach's fiddle. Forced to deal with his instrument's tendency to get lost in the mix of a heavy rock band, he could make his presence felt with superbly executed ascending/descending glissandos. Whenever Creach was given room to move, he rose to the occasion. If the Airplane churned and rolled, the Starship soared - and, with the later band, there was initially a perfect match of conceptual art and learned musicianship. Along with the forceful, accomplished vocal harmonies of Grace, Marty and Paul, both bands were intoxication machines delivering art buzzes on a major scale. The Starship's later harmonies with Mickey Thomas weren't as effective, though Thomas has his defenders; Balin's, by comparison, understated soulfulness, and Slick's hip phrasing, earthy tonality and push-the- boundaries attack were much more pleasant than Thomas' over-the-top showmanship and senseless enthusiasm.

The latest incarnation of the Starship, represented so far only by the rather rough live album Deep Space, Virgin Sky, and the somewhat sublime Windows of Heaven, is actually much improved over the late-eighties model. The band is still artistically infused with what Paul Kantner and Marty Balin found on San Francisco's Haight Street in the sixties. For those of us who have crossed paths with the band on their long journey, and, who for part of the way took the same road, these are aesthetic ties that bind.

PHOTOS BY BOBBY CASTRO



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